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John Basera and Dr Gorden Mabuyaye
The Seed Co technical team (comprising of breeders, agronomists and seed inspectorate) is assessing the standing crop performance of Seed Co hybrids grown by farmers in the 2016 /17 summer season. The bumper harvest this year (which is at this point certain) will increase maize production to self-sufficiency and surplus levels for import substitution. The standing crop assessments is the preliminary round of assessments for possible farmer participation in this year’s Seed Co’s 10+ tonne clubs as well as the upper limit/open limit clubs.

This week we give you a narrative of a bumper harvest testimony by a Mazowe commercial farmer (Mr. and Mrs. Pfachi) of Sub Division 38 Fairview farm, Mazowe,-a happy beneficiary of government’s 2016/17 Season’s Command Agriculture Programme.

The standing crop at Mr and Mrs Pfachi’s farm is a sure and certain case of bumper harvest achieved through principled and well calculated agricultural practices, top among them, the application of agricultural lime after soil analysis and timely planting, optimum population densities and so on . . . what we technically refer to as Good Agronomic Practices (GAPs). The narrative (in point form) will implore the importance of adopting the GAPs principles as a proven and sure way to improve productivity levels and returns per investment.

Total area under maize: 35Ha Irrigated

Total landholding: 32Ha

Altitude: 1360masl

Preparations and land preps

Soil types: Red and black clay soils with a clay content of 40%

Soil sampling and analysis was done around August, 2016 by the DR&SS

An average of 932kg/Ha of Calcitic Lime was applied by a lime spreader on planting day to adjust pH from 5,0 (acidic) to 5,8 (optimum range).

The rates and the liming agent (Calcitic Lime) were determined by a soil analysis which the farmer does religiously after every 3 years.

Sweetening the soil to pH 5,8

The farmer carried out conventional tillage procedure of deep ploughing followed by double discing. Discing and rolling was carried out concurrently and after lime was applied.

Crop establishment and

crop management

Varieties: Seed Co SC727 and SC719 (late maturing hybrids) with potential to yield up to 18tonnes/Ha

Monosem planter G4 plus (4 row) with an 18-hole plate was used and set at 90cm inter-row, 22cm in-row and 350kg/Ha Basal fertiliser.

Seed rate: 50 000 kernels/ha of SC727 and 24,7kg of SC727 at 90cm x 22cm

Target population: 50 500 plants per ha

Final achieved stand: 49 700 (98,4 percent germination and emergence)

Dates of Planting: 14-18 November, 2016

The crop was established with irrigation (30mm using rain guns with adjustable nozzles)

Fertilisation:

Basal dressing 350kg/Ha (Maize Fert (7:14:7)

Top dressing: 350kg/Ha (AN (34,5 percent), 2 splits at 4 Weeks After Crop Emergence (WACE) and then at 8 Weeks After Crop Emergence (WACE) before tasseling using fertiliser applicators.

Weed control: Pre-emergence herbicides, Atrazine at 3l/Ha in combination with Metalachlor at 1,5l/Ha were sprayed after planting.

Because of high weed pressure, the farmer came in with a post-emergence herbicide combination of MCPA at 0,5l/Ha and Metribuzine at 0,15l/Ha, followed by full cover sprays of Nicosulfuron at 50g/Ha and spot sprays of Halosulfuron at 45g/Ha at 4 WACE (before the first top dressing)

Some spot sprays of Stellar Star at 1l/Ha were also applied before top dressing, the intention was to top dress a weed free crop to reduce (weed-crop) competition and maximise on fertiliser investment.

All the inputs were supplied through GMB Concession Depot (District command Centre)

Challenges faced

Fall army worm

It was the biggest challenge the farmer encountered during the maize growing season. The farmer as a norm had to scout his fields at early stages of the crop and for the pest and a spraying decision was made at 3 WACE.

The farmer sprayed 0,35l/Ha of Karate Zeon mixed with other pyrethroids through the funnel of each maize plant. The intention was to increase contact with the pest.

High weed pressure

Because of prolonged wet periods, weed pressure was very high during the growth stages of the crop and the farmer had to come in with a post-emergence herbicide combination in addition to a strong pre-emergence herbicide combination applied at planting.

Landholding and farmer’s intention

The farmer’s intention and capacity was to plant 120ha of maize and 50Ha of soya bean but landholding and arable land size were a limiting factor.

Expected yield

The farmer is expecting a bumper yield of 15 tonnes/Ha on average with some blocks even being expected to break records for the two varieties.

“Some blocks will go beyond 17 tonnes per Ha for sure and I think this year we will top the Seed Co elite 10-tonne + club this year,” the ever smiling Mr Pfachi said. “We want to even participate in the Upper limit Club as well,” Mrs Pfachi added. The farmer thanked initiatives by the government such as Command Agriculture Programme which are up-scaling farmers’ capacities to improve productivity levels and national grain production.

Plans for the coming summer season

To increase maize hectarage to 150Ha if land can be available

To increase Soya hectarage from the current 20 to 50ha.

Meanwhile the farmer has already cleared aeration strips/corridors to hasten maize crop drying down, targeting to harvest in May/June.

The farmer will be hosting a field day on April 28, 2017 where all commercial, A2 and A1 farmers from Mashonaland Central and beyond are cordially invited to witness and learn about the crop varieties and the end fruits of Good Agronomic Practices (GAPs).

Choosing a variety contributes 15-20 percent to the success story of the farmer and GAPs contribute 80 percent to the same.

With the farmer and for the farmer!

Parting Shots

GAPs is a top-line story which we strongly recommend our farmers to follow religiously. We also encourage commercial farmers to come for a big field day at Rattray Arnold Research Station in Shamva on the 5th of April to learn more about GAPs and more.

Lime sweetens the soil and helps to unlock ‘nutrients availability’ to the crop. We recommend farmers to sample their soils for analysis and to plant in ‘sweetened soils’.

 

John Basera +263 772 413 184/[email protected]

Dr Gorden Mabuyaye +263 772 132 767/ [email protected].