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Fildah Gwati

THE limited availability of advanced genetic resources specifically tailored for macadamia cultivation has hindered the increase in yield, overall growth and profitability of the nuts.

Macadamia Producers Association of Zimbabwe secretary general and farmer in Chipinge, Mr Fortune Gurai, said the industry was lagging behind in genetic advancements, which help in boosting yields.

“In macadamia farming, the absence of advanced genetics tailored to the unique requirements of macadamia trees has limited the industry’s ability to unlock its full potential. Genetics enables farmers to develop crops that are more resistant to diseases, pests and environmental stressors while maximising productivity and quality.”

He added that macadamia farming in the country falls behind in genetics because it originated and was imported from Australia where they have managed to produce more advanced seeds, which can mature early, something which cannot be done here due to lack of research to develop local genetics.

“Macadamia originated and was imported from Australia, where the field of genetics is more advanced. In Australia, the MCT1 variety, which yields higher quantities at an earlier stage has been developed generating substantial profits. In contrast, local macadamia trees take a staggering 12 years to start producing yields for commercial sale. This significant delay discourages potential farmers from entering the macadamia sector.”

Mr Gurai said the absence of a proper market for macadamia exports posed another significant challenge, while the unavailability of processing machineries and factories hindered the industry’s ability to meet market preferences. European consumers prefer shelled macadamia nuts, while Chinese consumers prefer nuts with their shells intact.

This disparity in market demands creates difficulties for farmers, as they struggle to export their produce. Additionally, when faced with high demand from buyers who require larger quantities than they can currently produce, farmers are left with limited options. They often sell their macadamia nuts to local merchants at lower prices, which depresses the local market value.

“To address these challenges, there is a growing consensus among industry stakeholders and the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development to evaluate macadamia production comprehensively. A crucial step is the establishment of a dedicated research station to develop local genetics. By investing in research and innovation, the industry can work towards improving the existing macadamia variety and reducing the time it takes for trees to become commercially productive,” he said.