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Eskom is increasing power cuts to prevent a total collapse of the grid as issues grow from lack of imports to breakdowns at its coal-fired plants.

The utility, which generates almost all of the nation’s electricity, plans to increase outages to 4 000 megawatts on Monday to curb demand.

The rationing is due to a “significant shortfall” of generation, chief executive officer Andre de Ruyter told reporters in an online briefing.

Even the best-performing coal stations have experienced recent breakdowns and Eskom is tracking vessels with deliveries of diesel used to run turbines typically during peak demand periods.

“Extraordinary measures” are needed to improve the system, De Ruyter said. “The performance has been quite disappointing.”

There are few elements of the grid that aren’t affected by issues, putting South Africa on track for a record year of power cuts. That’s curbed economic activity in the most industrialized economy on the continent.

The rand also weakened amid the escalation of electricity shortages.

Units expected to be returned to operation have been delayed, even at its newest plant, while thousands of megawatts of generation are at risk as they run at reduced levels with various leaks and other problems, chief operating officer Jan Oberholzer said. About 36 percent of total installed capacity is unavailable due to breakdowns.

The power cuts will reach a level known as Stage 4, correlated to 4 000 megawatts, for the first time in a month, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

That started 5pm local time, Eskom said in a statement on Twitter following the briefing.

Recent electricity imports from Mozambique’s Cahora Bassa hydropower plant also didn’t return as expected, Oberholzer said.

Even emergency reserves are under pressure. Open-cycle gas turbines, that are burning two million litres of diesel a day, must manage fuel use carefully. Eskom is tracking the arrival of vessels that will replenish supplies and trying to expedite it, Oberholzer said.

The utility is also dealing with an escalation of labour issues as one of the biggest unions representing workers there, the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa, is demanding a 15 percent wage increase.

“Eskom is still in a loss-making situation” and costs must be managed across the board, De Ruyter said.— Bloomberg